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Nineteenth-century civil records for the Jews in Southern Germany are an invaluable source of information for the serious Jewish genealogist. Despite the many variations in type, structure, and appearance of Jewish civil records in southern Germany, they also share many common features. Civil records from Pforzheim to Pfersee, in fact from Bremen to Bukowina, are both very similar and also quite different.
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To make sense of the content of Jewish civil records, researchers need to understand the structure, history, legal basis, and fate of the records. This article focuses on Jewish records from Bavaria and Wuerttemberg, but much of its content applies also to other areas in Germany and Austria. Unfortunately, not all public records can be categorized clearly, and not all are easily legible. At the beginning of the 19th century especially, some rabbis were only partially literate in German. Some dates are given in Gregorian form, others are written in Hebrew letters, and some appear as the name of the Torah portion recited on the Sabbath following the event recorded. Extant Jewish civil records typically cover the period 1780 to 1876.
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Throughout the Middle Ages, European Jews enjoyed almost autonomous family law, set by Jewish tradition rather than the state. Fischach, Bavaria, is one example, where a family book was kept until 1942. One paragraph is devoted to each individual specific vital event. Civil records written in journal style sometimes are organized by year; a section for births is followed by one each for marriages and deaths.
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Typically, registers were maintained by the rabbi in those communities that could afford one. In the absence of a resident rabbi, a Jewish parochial school teacher or a community leader was responsible for keeping the register. In addition to the original registers kept by the rabbis, a second copy, kept by the local pastor of the dominant local church, commonly existed. These were copied, usually once a year, from the rabbi’s original. Many of the second copies kept by pastors still exist. Frequently, the clergy possessed superior penmanship, at least during the first half of the century.
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Pointed steel nibs from England were introduced in 1830, which accentuated the spiky nature of the Gothic Current. In 1907, the broadheaded nib was invented, again giving the script a more prominent stroke direction. Over the years, Gothic script evolved somewhat differently in different regions. Consequently, depending on the region and the scribe, the same character may appear totally different. Find your state and city and browse funeral homes in the area. We have not yet written a funeral home review for this home.
After 1876, civil records were no longer kept separately by religion but became the responsibility of the state authorities. Depending on the jurisdiction, some headings were compulsory, while others were optional. With some exceptions, Jewish records tend to follow the outline generally prescribed for the Gentile records. Over the years, Rainey Family Funeral Services, Inc. has been blessed with many hard-working and dedicated staff members who have served together to provide service to families in their time of greatest need. Currently, J.D. Rainey Jr., Wesley Rainey, and Anthony Blanchard serve as licensed funeral directors and embalmers, with Anthony joining the staff in 2001.
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We are honored to be a part of the rich history of this community and plan to be a part of it for many years to come.
In addition, the staff includes Walt Cannon, monuments; Ben Drennan, licensed funeral service apprentice; Trey Allison and Corey Welch, cemetery and grave crew; and Duain Hobbs, funeral service attendant. Establishments primarily engaged in preparing the dead for burial, conducting funerals, and cremating the dead. Rainey Family Funeral Services Inc is primarily engaged in Rainey Family Funeral Services Inc is primarily engaged in preparing the dead for burial, conducting funerals, and cremating the dead.
Although most original Jewish civil records from the 19th century appear lost, microfilmed copies of many of them survived in the Leipzig and Gatermann films. Baden-Wuerttemberg and some Bavarian records are accessible online. Most can be found in the respective state and district archives. Many records are also available at CAHJP and from the Family History Library.25 The detailed date span for Jewish civil records varies from community to community and often even by life event. Learning to read Gothic Current script takes a few days practice using easily available aids, but is well worth the effort.
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Betty Freeman has been on staff for over twenty years as office manager. Cliff Souther has been serving the funeral home as well for over forty years, helping in all areas of the business. In contrast to records in journal style, many jurisdictions preferred or prescribed that civil records be kept in ledger style. Figure 3, shown on the next page, is an example of a ledger record. When issued, certificates usually were additional to register entries. Birth, marriage, and death registers generally followed the same style within a given community or region.
The earliest civil records for Jews of southern Germany appear towards the end of the 18th century. Prior to this time, only tax records, property lists, and court records documented the presence of individual Jews. Jewish family books exist for the first half of the 19th century. Separate Jewish civil records were kept up to about 1876. After that time, vital records for Gentiles and Jews were kept jointly.
Rainey Sr. joined the staff as a Licensed Funeral Director and Embalmer. General Liability Insure does not warrant or make any representations regarding the usefulness of or the expected results of the material contained on this website. You should contact your attorney, accountant and/or financial adviser to obtain advice with respect to any particular commercial insurance question, claim or issue. Under no circumstance shall we have any liability to you for any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of the use of the Directory or reliance on any information provided in the Directory. Your use of this Directory and your reliance on any information on the Directory is solely at your own risk. Rainey Family Funeral Services has been serving Cordele area families for years.
Mostly, however, the column categories and their order are somewhat idiosyncratic, reflecting local customs and the record keepers’ preferences. Family and given names of the principal person and the actual date of the event always appear, but not necessarily in a consistent order. The recording of some specific information was prescribed by the authorities.
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